Microbial Diversity: Obesity has been associated with alterations in the gut microbiota, leading to changes in the diversity and composition of microorganisms residing in the digestive tract.
Energy Harvesting: Imbalances in gut microbiota in individuals with obesity can contribute to increased energy harvesting from food, potentially leading to higher calorie absorption and weight gain.
Inflammation: Obesity-related changes in gut microbiota may trigger low-grade inflammation, which is linked to metabolic dysfunction and insulin resistance.
Metabolism Regulation: Gut microbiota play a role in regulating metabolism and energy balance, influencing how the body stores and utilizes energy from food.
Short-Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs): Gut bacteria ferment dietary fibers to produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which have been linked to improved metabolism and a reduced risk of obesity.
Hormonal Regulation: Gut microbiota can influence the production and regulation of hormones involved in appetite control, such as ghrelin and leptin.
Impact on Nutrient Absorption: Changes in the gut microbiota composition may affect the absorption of nutrients, influencing how the body processes and stores fats and carbohydrates.
Potential for Weight Loss Interventions: Manipulating the gut microbiota through dietary interventions, probiotics, or fecal microbiota transplantation is an area of research for potential weight management strategies.