Leptin and Ghrelin: Hunger and satiety hormones. Obesity disrupts their balance, decreasing leptin sensitivity and increasing ghrelin, causing overeating.
Obesity causes insulin resistance, which reduces cell response to insulin. This increases insulin levels, boosting fat accumulation and slowing metabolism.
The hormone generated by fat cells, adiponectin, helps regulate insulin sensitivity and inflammation. Obesity lowers adiponectin, causing insulin resistance and inflammation.
Chronic stress and obesity can raise cortisol levels. Increased cortisol causes abdominal obesity and metabolic disturbances.
Obesity increases estrogen synthesis in adipose tissue and may disrupt testosterone levels, affecting metabolism and body composition.
Obesity increases adipose tissue-produced inflammatory cytokines. Insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunction can result from chronic inflammation.
Obesity affects thyroid function and hormone levels. Changes in thyroid hormones can affect energy balance and metabolism.
Hormonal Dysregulation: Obesity's complex hormonal milieu causes metabolic dysregulation, making weight management difficult and affecting health.