Chronic Low-Grade Inflammation: Obesity is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation, characterized by elevated levels of inflammatory markers in the bloodstream.
Adipose Tissue Inflammation: In obese individuals, excess fat tissue (adipose tissue) can release inflammatory substances, contributing to local and systemic inflammation.
Immune Cell Activation: Obesity triggers activation of immune cells, such as macrophages, within adipose tissue, leading to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
Insulin Resistance: Inflammation is linked to insulin resistance, a condition where cells become less responsive to insulin, potentially contributing to the development of type 2 diabetes.
Impact on Metabolism: Inflammatory signals interfere with normal metabolic processes, disrupting the balance of hormones involved in appetite regulation and energy metabolism.
Gut Microbiota Influence: Changes in gut microbiota associated with obesity can contribute to inflammation, as alterations in the microbial composition may trigger immune responses.
Oxidative Stress: Obesity is linked to increased oxidative stress, where the body's antioxidant defenses are overwhelmed, leading to cellular damage and inflammation.
Inflammatory Diseases: Chronic inflammation associated with obesity is implicated in the development of various inflammatory diseases, including cardiovascular diseases and certain cancers.