Microbiome Composition: Obesity is associated with alterations in the composition and diversity of the gut microbiome, with an imbalance in the ratio of beneficial to harmful bacteria.
Energy Harvesting: Certain bacteria in the gut of individuals with obesity may enhance the extraction of calories from food, contributing to increased energy absorption and weight gain.
Inflammation: Dysbiosis in the gut microbiome of obese individuals can lead to chronic low-grade inflammation, which is implicated in the development of obesity-related metabolic disorders.
Short-Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs): Changes in the gut microbiome can impact the production of SCFAs, which play a role in energy metabolism and may influence weight regulation.
Gut-Brain Axis: The gut microbiome communicates with the brain through the gut-brain axis, influencing appetite regulation, food preferences, and overall metabolic function.
Metabolism of Dietary Fibers: Gut bacteria play a role in fermenting dietary fibers, producing metabolites that can influence metabolism and satiety, potentially impacting body weight.
Endocannabinoid System Modulation: The gut microbiome may modulate the endocannabinoid system, influencing appetite and energy balance.
Prebiotics and Probiotics: Interventions with prebiotics (substances that promote the growth of beneficial bacteria) and probiotics (live beneficial bacteria) are explored for their potential in supporting weight management.