The polar vortex is a large and persistent low-pressure system that exists near the Earth's poles, particularly in the stratosphere.
It is not a new phenomenon but can become disrupted, leading to frigid air masses plunging southward, causing cold snaps in mid-latitudes.
During winter, the polar vortex tends to strengthen, confining extremely cold air to the Arctic region.
Sudden disruptions or weakening of the polar vortex can result in the southward intrusion of bitterly cold air, impacting regions far from the poles.
These cold snaps can lead to severe winter weather conditions, including extremely low temperatures, heavy snowfall, and icy conditions.
Climate change may influence the behavior of the polar vortex, potentially increasing the frequency and intensity of disruptions, although the science on this is still evolving.
Understanding the dynamics of the polar vortex is crucial for accurate weather forecasting and preparedness for extreme cold events.
The 2014 polar vortex event in North America brought record-breaking low temperatures and highlighted the potential impacts of a weakened polar vortex on regional weather.