Numerous variables affect the association between obesity and osteoporosis, a disorder that reduces bone density and increases fracture risk.
Positive Effect of Weight-Bearing Exercise: Walking and resistance training assist maintain or improve bone density. Obese people may have trouble doing weight-bearing activities due to joint problems or physical restrictions.
Benefits of Mechanical Loading for Bone Adaptation: Mechanical stress from weight-bearing activities strengthens and adapts bones.
Adipose Tissue and Bone Marrow: Adipose Tissue Role: Fat creates hormones and cytokines that affect bone metabolism. Hormonal Factors: - Obesity is linked to greater estrogen levels, which helps protect bone density, particularly in postmenopausal women.
Inflammators: Chronic Inflammation: Low-grade chronic inflammation is linked to obesity and can harm bone metabolism.
Body Fat Distribution: Central Obesity: Abdominal fat may impact bone health differently than peripheral obesity (fat in the limbs). Fat, especially intra-abdominal fat, can harm bone health.
Fracture Risk: Mixed Results: While obesity is linked to a lower fracture risk, the relationship is complicated. Obesity may increase fall risk, offsetting the protective benefit of higher BMD.
Consulting with healthcare professionals, including bone health specialists and registered dietitians, can provide personalized guidance based on individual health status and risk factors.