Urbanization, characterized by the growth of cities and the expansion of infrastructure, can significantly alter local weather patterns.
The creation of urban heat islands is a prominent effect, where concrete and asphalt absorb and re-radiate heat, leading to higher temperatures in urban areas compared to surrounding rural areas.
Tall buildings and surfaces with high thermal mass can disrupt natural airflow patterns, leading to increased temperatures and reduced ventilation in cities.
Urban areas often experience lower humidity due to increased heat and impervious surfaces, impacting local precipitation patterns.
Increased air pollution in urban environments can affect cloud formation and composition, potentially influencing local weather conditions.
Urbanization can alter the local microclimate, with changes in wind patterns, temperature gradients, and even the frequency of extreme weather events.
Cities may experience more intense and localized rainfall due to the presence of impervious surfaces, leading to increased runoff and the risk of urban flooding.
Green infrastructure, such as parks and green roofs, can mitigate some of the impacts of urbanization by promoting evaporation, reducing heat islands, and improving local air quality.